Nanomaterials in Cosmetics

Nanomaterials in cosmetics are insoluble or biopersistent materials intentionally manufactured with one or more external dimensions, or an internal structure, in the 1 to 100 nanometer size range. Common cosmetic nanomaterials include nano forms of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide (used in sunscreens), carbon black, silica, and certain colorant pigments.

The EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC 1223/2009) imposes specific requirements on cosmetic products containing nanomaterials. The Responsible Person must notify the European Commission through the CPNP at least six months before placing a product containing nanomaterials on the market. The notification must include the particle size, physical and chemical properties, estimated quantity placed on the market per year, toxicological profile, safety data, and reasonably foreseeable exposure conditions.

On the product label, nanomaterial ingredients must be indicated by the ingredient name followed by "[nano]" in the INCI list — for example, "Titanium Dioxide [nano]." The European Commission maintains a catalogue of authorized nanomaterials used in cosmetics under Annexes III, IV, V, and VI of the regulation.

The SCCS evaluates the safety of nanomaterials used in cosmetics and has published specific guidance on nano-safety assessment methodology. Key concerns include inhalation exposure (particularly relevant for spray products), dermal penetration through damaged skin, and the potential for different toxicological properties compared to the bulk form of the same substance.