Kojic Acid
Also known as: 5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one
Last updated:
Kojic acid is a natural metabolite of certain fungi used in cosmetics for skin-brightening. SCCS opinion SCCS/1637/21 reaffirmed kojic acid is safe at up to 1% in face and hand cosmetic products. The US, Canada, and most other markets permit kojic acid without specific concentration limits; commercial products typically use 1-2%.
Regulatory status by market
| Market | Status | Detail | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | Restricted | Max 1% in face/hand products | Annex III; SCCS/1637/21 |
| United Kingdom | Restricted | Mirrors EU limit | UK Cosmetics Regulation |
| United States | Permitted | No federal limit; industry standard 1-2% | CIR review |
| Canada | Permitted | — | Not on Hotlist |
Safety profile
SCCS evaluated kojic acid's potential for skin irritation and contact sensitization and concluded the 1% limit is safe. Higher concentrations can cause irritation in sensitive skin. Kojic acid is unstable to light and oxygen; commercial products use derivatives (kojic acid dipalmitate) or air-tight packaging.
Common uses
- Brightening serums and creams (typically 1-2%)
- Anti-pigmentation products
- Body lotions for hyperpigmentation
Primary sources
Regulatory status is current to the "Last updated" date above. Always verify against the regulator's authoritative publication for the specific market and product category before relying on this summary for compliance decisions.
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